梦幻雪花由30颗LED打造,分为17个独立的部分,由Arduino Nano控制。每组LED都可以用PWM调校,这样就可以创作出梦幻视觉效果。
首先打印一个漂亮而简单的雪花,记住要让它可以容纳Arduino Nano。
支撑结构也用于走线,由0.8mm黄铜棒与锡焊接而成。我总共使用了2米的黄铜棒。这是对你的耐心和技巧的一次考验。
首先,我通过弯曲一根黄铜棒并将两端焊接在一起来构建一个核心六边形。通过在六边形的顶部添加另外伸出6个黄铜棒,接地线完成,现在需要将LED的所有阴极引线焊接到其上以产生雪花图案。棘手的部分是添加贴片LED,不妨使用纸板和双面胶带制作的夹具。
接下来是在核心结构下加入Arduino Nano,在其间要留出足够的空间以满足3层黄铜棒接线,这将连接微控制器引脚到所有LED阳极引线。这同样需要极大的耐心。你不仅需要避免电线之间的短路,还要添加限流电阻并使其看起来不错。
叶片LED分别连接到最近的Arduino输出引脚。分支LED按两个分组并连接到PWM引脚。核心LED也按两个分组并连接到其余引脚。Arduino NANO只有18个输出引脚,我需要一个引脚用于触摸传感器,这只留下17个引脚,因此两对核心LED连接在一起形成一组4个。我使用220Ω电阻将每个引脚流过的电流限制在8mA左右。这意味着总共240mA,这对ATmega328芯片来说有点高,但它可以工作——安全最大值据说是200mA。
为了能够与雪花相互作用,我添加了另一个黄铜棒来制作电容式触摸传感器。
在焊接之前不要忘记随时检查所有二极管,如果开路或者反极性连接会很难更换它。
原理图
源代码
#include "SoftPWM.h" #include <ADCTouchSensor.h> byte edgeLedPins[] = {13, A4, A5, 2, 8, 12}; byte middleLedPins[] = {10, 6, 3, 5, 9, 11}; byte innerLedPins[] = {A2, A3, A1, 4, 7, A1}; ADCTouchSensor touchSensor = ADCTouchSensor(A0, 1); void setup() { Serial.begin(115200); SoftPWMBegin(); } byte animation = 0; long touchAt = 0; void loop() { switch (animation) { case 0: _fill(100); break; case 1: shinyAnimation(); //fadingAnimation(); break; case 2: circleAnimation(); break; case 3: loopAnimation(); break; case 4: fireworkAnimation(); fireworkAnimation(); fireworkAnimation(); fireworkAnimation(); fireworkAnimation(); fireworkAnimation(); animation ++; break; case 5: smileAnimation(); break; default: animation = 0; break; } int touchValue = touchSensor.read(); if (touchAt + 2000 < millis() && touchValue > 1000) { touchAt = millis(); // touch down, cold down timeout is 2s animation ++; _fill(0); } } void fireworkAnimation() { for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[i], 100); delay(100); } SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[4], 100); for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { SoftPWMSet(middleLedPins[i], 255); } delay(50); for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[i], 0); SoftPWMSet(edgeLedPins[i], 255); } delay(50); for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { SoftPWMSet(middleLedPins[i], 0); } delay(50); _fill(0); } void smileAnimation() { SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[1], 100); SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[3], 100); SoftPWMSet(middleLedPins[0], 255); SoftPWMSet(middleLedPins[5], 255); SoftPWMSet(edgeLedPins[2], 255); SoftPWMSet(edgeLedPins[3], 255); delay(2000); SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[1], 0); SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[3], 0); delay(100); SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[1], 100); SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[3], 100); delay(100); SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[1], 0); SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[3], 0); delay(100); } byte circleState[] = {100, 55, 10}; byte circleStateAnimation[] = {1, 1, 1}; void circleAnimation() { for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { if (circleState[i] >= 100) { circleStateAnimation[i] = -1; // dim } else if (circleState[i] <= 10) { circleStateAnimation[i] = 1; // bright } circleState[i] += circleStateAnimation[i]; } for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[i], circleState[0]); SoftPWMSet(middleLedPins[i], circleState[1]); SoftPWMSet(edgeLedPins[i], circleState[2]); } delay(5); } byte waveState[] = {100, 55, 10, 10, 55, 100}; byte waveStateAnimation[] = {1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1}; void waveAnimation() { for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { if (waveState[i] >= 100) { waveStateAnimation[i] = -1; // dim } else if (waveState[i] <= 10) { waveStateAnimation[i] = 1; // bright } waveState[i] += waveStateAnimation[i]; } for (int i = 0; i < 6; i+=2) { SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[i], waveState[0]); SoftPWMSet(middleLedPins[i], waveState[1]); SoftPWMSet(edgeLedPins[i], waveState[2]); SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[i + 1], waveState[3]); SoftPWMSet(middleLedPins[i + 1], waveState[4]); SoftPWMSet(edgeLedPins[i + 1], waveState[5]); } delay(10); } byte loopCounter = 0; byte loopState = 150; void loopAnimation() { SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[loopCounter], loopState); SoftPWMSet(middleLedPins[loopCounter], loopState); SoftPWMSet(edgeLedPins[loopCounter], loopState); loopCounter = _nextIndex(loopCounter, 1); if (loopCounter == 0) { loopState = (loopState == 150 ? 0 : 150); } delay(100); } byte slowOnCounter = 0; byte slowOnState = 150; void slowOnAnimation() { byte randomLed = random(0, 18); if (randomLed < 6) { SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[randomLed], slowOnState); } else if (randomLed < 12) { SoftPWMSet(middleLedPins[randomLed - 6], slowOnState); } else { SoftPWMSet(edgeLedPins[randomLed - 12], slowOnState); } slowOnCounter ++; if (slowOnCounter >= 50) { slowOnCounter = 0; slowOnState = (slowOnState == 150 ? 0 : 150); } delay(50); } byte shinyState[] = {0, 100, 0, 100, 0, 100}; byte shinyStateAnimation[] = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}; byte shinyCounter = 0; void shinyAnimation() { for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { if (shinyState[i] >= 100) { shinyStateAnimation[i] = -1; // dim } else if (shinyState[i] <= 0) { shinyStateAnimation[i] = 1; // bright } shinyState[i] += shinyStateAnimation[i]; SoftPWMSet(edgeLedPins[i], shinyState[i]); } shinyCounter ++; if (shinyCounter > 10) { shinyCounter = 0; for (byte r = random(1, 3); r > 0; r--) { byte randomLed = random(0, 12); if (randomLed < 6) { SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[random(0, 6)], 255); } else { SoftPWMSet(middleLedPins[random(0, 6)], 255); } } } else { for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[i], 20); SoftPWMSet(middleLedPins[i], 20); } } delay(30); } byte fadingState[] = {0, 100, 0, 100, 0, 100}; byte fadingStateAnimation[] = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}; void fadingAnimation() { for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { if (fadingState[i] >= 100) { fadingStateAnimation[i] = -1; // dim } else if (fadingState[i] <= 0) { fadingStateAnimation[i] = 1; // bright } fadingState[i] += fadingStateAnimation[i]; SoftPWMSet(edgeLedPins[i], fadingState[i]); SoftPWMSet(middleLedPins[_nextIndex(i, 1)], fadingState[i]); SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[i], 50); } delay(20); } void _fill(byte value) { for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { SoftPWMSet(edgeLedPins[i], value); SoftPWMSet(middleLedPins[i], value); SoftPWMSet(innerLedPins[i], value); } } byte _prevIndex(short index, byte step) { index -= step; while (index < 0) { index += 6; } return index; } byte _nextIndex(short index, byte step) { index += step; while (index > 5) { index -= 6; } return index; }
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